From Euclid (365-300 BCE) comes the following definition: If a straight line is cut in extreme and mean ratio, then as the whole is to the greater segment, the greater segment is the lesser segment.
This is the first written mention of the Golden Mean, or Golden Ratio, or Golden Section, or Divine Proportion. There is evidence that the Pythagoreans, prominent prior to Euclid, knew of this ratio and the Egyptians seemed to have built some pyramids according to this proportion. The letter now used to designate this quantity is the Greek letter 'phi':
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